{"product_id":"pre-workout-3-0","title":"G Pre (Pre-Workout 3.0)","description":"\u003ch3\u003eThe #1 Daily Driver Pre-Workout\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003ePump + Focus + Energy = Performance\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eLack motivation to get to the gym after a long day, or simply looking for an edge in your performance? You came to the right place.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAs the science is always changing and new trials are being conducted, we continue research and development to ensure our products abide by what is clinically relevant.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ePre 3.0 was formulated using natural ingredients found to promote an improvement in strength, endurance and cognition.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBased on our knowledge of performance enhancement, we understand that pre-workouts excessively high in caffeine may ‘borrow from tomorrow’ and there are many more vectors to optimize in the field of ergogenic aids other than high doses of caffeine; with Pre 3.0, you are getting much more than just caffeine. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eWe abstain from using poorly tolerable ingredients which are deemed unsafe. Instead, we opted to use a variety of unique nutraceuticals and nootropics which synergize together, targeting different metabolic pathways to achieve optimal performance outcomes.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAfter months of research and development, we present Pre 3.0; replete with the most evidence-based ingredients and informed by rigorous clinical trials in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition and the clinical expertise of our scientific team.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eSupplement Facts\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0536\/1434\/6423\/files\/Screenshot_20260228-052023_2.jpg?v=1772270543\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIngredients\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eL-Citrulline\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eL-Citrulline is a precursor to L Arginine and has shown greater clinical efficacy in increasing serum L Arginine levels in comparison to supplementing with pure L Arginine on a gram for gram basis. Increasing L Arginine leads to increased nitric oxide production and thus more vasodilation. In addition to promoting better pumps, L Citrulline is an important rate limiting substrate in the urea cycle, meaning that it contributes to the conversion of ammonia into urea; this is important as hard training increases protein breakdown; thus leading to increased levels of ammonia which is a byproduct that when present in excess can lead to brain fog. L Citrulline may help the body to increase its natural elimination of nitrogenous waste following a workout [20,21].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003eBeta Alanine\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBeta Alanine is an incredibly effective oral agent for the purposes of increasing muscle carnosine levels and work capacity under load; being especially noticeable in high rep ranges and bouts of near-maximal cardio [12,13]. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThere has also been a measurable improvement in cognitive performance in athletes supplementing with Beta Alanine, while also activating sensory neurons; causing a temporary itch sensation (paresthesia) which many find to be quite enjoyable \/ stimulating [12,13].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eBetaine Anhydrous\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBetaine is a nutrient found in beets that has been shown in recent trials to promote improved training outcomes when taken as a pre workout. It is an osmolyte and may improve hydration status when consumed with sufficient amounts of water. The latest evidence states that 2g of betaine taken pre workout led to improved upper- \u0026amp; lower-body muscle endurance and increased testosterone levels in athletes [16].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003eMalic Acid\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eMalic Acid is a Kreb’s cycle intermediate which may increase the availability of energy substrates, being especially useful for generating energy when one is approaching muscular glycogen depletion during a workout.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eTaurine\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eTaurine is a non proteinogenic amino acid which plays a role in regulating fluid balance and neurochemistry. Taurine promotes cell volume homeostasis, helping in both situations of dehydration \u0026amp; fluid retention thus positively affecting fluid balance [6,7].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eTaurine increases activity of the GABA-A receptor which may explain why it synergizes well with caffeine and other stimulants, by 'taking the edge off' certain stimulants.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eTaurine has been shown to improve athletic performance and increase the tolerability of caffeine by ameliorating some of the vasoconstricting properties some may experience with stimulants [6,7].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eL-Tyrosine\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eL-Tyrosine \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eis an amino acid precursor of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Several trials support the hypothesis that increasing serum L-Tyrosine levels can improve mental performance especially in states where one might be lacking sufficient sleep or is subject to environmental stressors [1]. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eLeveraging the effects of dopamine during activities that one might not necessarily enjoy is a powerful tool to find pleasure in certain activities and increase adherence to a workout routine.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAlpha GPC\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAlpha GPC is amongst the best sources of choline for the purposes of increasing acetylcholine levels and improving power output in athletes. Acetylcholine is necessary in the triggering of synapses, being used in the neuromuscular junction to trigger the firing of motor neurons [5]. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThis may also result in increased muscle fiber recruitment \/ mind-muscle connection, improved learning abilities and a greater attention span [11].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eCaffeine Anhydrous\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eCaffeine i\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003es a central nervous system stimulant found in nature and is also classified as a drug of the methylxanthine class. It promotes wakefulness, enhances physical performance, promotes weight loss and increases feelings of wellbeing if dosed correctly [9].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIndividual responses to caffeine may vary significantly amongst individuals as some have greater tolerance or are rapid metabolizers, in which caffeine doesn't affect them as greatly; while some are slow metabolizers or are simply just caffeine naive. It is best to start at one scoop to assess tolerance and not to exceed the maximum 3 scoop serving size.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003eL-Theanine\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eL-Theanine is a GABA-ergic amino acid which has shown synergy with caffeine in promoting increased focus and feelings of perceived well-being. This ingredient is a sound way to improve the experience of caffeine in both caffeine tolerant \u0026amp; caffeine naive users.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003eTheobromine\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eTheobromine is a methylxanthine which is structurally similar to caffeine but does not provide the same degree of central nervous system stimulation. Instead, theobromine was used many years ago as a bronchodilator before being succeeded by the later drug, theophylline. Theobromine also has previously been used as a vasodilator, as it has been shown to increase intracellular levels of cAMP (which can promote improved vasodilation) [17].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eHuperzine A\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eHuperzine A is the active component in Huperzia Serrata extract. Huperzine A partially inhibits acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine; this inhibition can lead to greater levels of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft and has translated into improved cognitive performance in several randomized controlled trials [10,22].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSodium Nitrate\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eSodium Nitrate is popular within the cyclist community and has been shown to be a positive ergogenic aid in aerobic and anaerobic exercise in humans. Supplementing with nitrates is an\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eeffective way to increase nitric oxide production which leads to increased blood flow to the working tissues. Increasing tissue perfusion (blood flow) during exercise can help reduce the aerobic cost of exercise to the working muscle (by improving mitochondrial efficiency), thus leading to improved cardiovascular function and better endurance during exercise [14].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eNADH\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNADH \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eis the reduced form of NAD+, a compound that exists within our body that has been supported in a recent meta analysis to be an excellent supplement for ameliorating fatigue, providing the greatest benefits in those who suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome [3].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNADH is taken up by the mitochondria and is a critical component in generating cellular energy (functioning as an electron transporter in the electron transport chain).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNADH has also been supported to:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIncrease the production of dopamine   \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIncrease general quality of life\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eReduce symptoms of anxiety\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIncrease maximum achievable heart rate during exercise secondary to an increase in work capacity\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAs the body utilizes one molecule of NADH, the production of 2.5 molecules of ATP is facilitated and one molecule of NAD+ is regenerated. This means that you can expect to see an increase in power output and endurance with this cutting edge ingredient.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eRhodiola Rosea Extract\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRhodiola Rosea was amongst the first performance enhancing substances first consumed in eastern Europe as an adaptogen for improving training outcomes in the military. A recent meta analysis [15] stated that Rhodiola Rosea supplementation led to the following:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eA reduction in pain and muscle damage after exercise training.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDecreased skeletal muscle damage; enhanced antioxidant capacity thereby reduced oxidative stress.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eReduced RPE scores and improved athletic explosive power.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSaffron Extract\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eSaffron Extract possesses potent mood boosting properties in the literature. With dozens of RCTs (randomized controlled trials) being conducted on saffron extract on a yearly basis, it is established as a widely safe and effective compound in improving one's mood and cognition [4]. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThrough increasing serotonin levels in the brain, it has shown comparable efficacy to Fluoxetine (SSRI) without the associated anhedonia or weight gain frequently seen with SSRIs, additionally, saffron has robust evidence supporting it as a weight loss agent through suppressing one's appetite and improving glucose tolerance (this effect is more pronounced in those who are overweight and\/or obese) [4].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003eVitamin C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eA powerful antioxidant which was included in this formula for two main reasons: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e1) The best time to consume antioxidants is before a workout, in which it may provide a performance benefit.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e2) Vitamin C may contribute to a greater increase in vasodilation by attenuating free radical damage and synergizing with the sodium nitrate in this pre workout; thus attenuating the phenomenon of nitrate resistance and promoting the healthy metabolism of nitrates (inhibiting their conversion into nitrosamines while promoting their conversion into nitric oxide) [18].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eVasodrive-AP\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eA patented blend of two peptides which are derived from milk protein; a recent meta analysis demonstrates that these peptides can reduce systolic blood pressure by up to 5.6mmHg [19]. This reduction in blood pressure was hypothesized to occur due to an ACE inhibitory effect (which was demonstrated in pre-clinical trials), this mechanism of vasodilation is unique in that it is not mediated by nitric oxide.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eReferences\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eO'Brien, C., Mahoney, C., Tharion, W. J., Sils, I. V., \u0026amp; Castellani, J. W. (2007). Dietary tyrosine benefits cognitive and psychomotor performance during body cooling. Physiology \u0026amp; behavior, 90(2-3), 301–307. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.09.027\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.09.027\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNeri, D. F., Wiegmann, D., Stanny, R. R., Shappell, S. A., McCardie, A., \u0026amp; McKay, D. L. (1995). The effects of tyrosine on cognitive performance during extended wakefulness. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 66(4), 313–319.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eGindri, I. M., Ferrari, G., Pinto, L. P. S., Bicca, J., Dos Santos, I. K., Dallacosta, D., \u0026amp; Roesler, C. R. M. (2023). Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions: a systematic review. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 10.1152\/ajpendo.00242.2023. Advance online publication. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00242.2023\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00242.2023\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eLu, C., Ke, L., Li, J., Zhao, H., Lu, T., Mentis, A. F. A., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Polissiou, M. G., Tang, L., Tang, H., \u0026amp; Yang, K. (2021). Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and health outcomes: a meta-research review of meta-analyses and an evidence mapping study. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ePhytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e91\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e, 153699. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153699\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153699\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBellar, D., LeBlanc, N. R., \u0026amp; Campbell, B. (2015). 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PloS one, 10(11), e0142235. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0142235\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0142235\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBarkhidarian, B., Khorshidi, M., Shab-Bidar, S., \u0026amp; Hashemi, B. (2019). Effects of L-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine, 9(1), 10–20.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eTakeda, K., Machida, M., Kohara, A., Omi, N., \u0026amp; Takemasa, T. (2011). Effects of citrulline supplementation on fatigue and exercise performance in mice. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 57(3), 246–250. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3177\/jnsv.57.246\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3177\/jnsv.57.246\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli aria-level=\"1\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eTun, M. K., \u0026amp; Herzon, S. B. (2012). The pharmacology and therapeutic potential of (-)-huperzine A. Journal of experimental pharmacology, 4, 113–123. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JEP.S27084\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JEP.S27084\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"HTLT","offers":[{"title":"Bombsicle","offer_id":49219724083413,"sku":"pre3-40scoop-bombsicle","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sour Watermelon","offer_id":46441660842197,"sku":"pre3-40scoop-sourwatermelongummies","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Orange Creamsicle","offer_id":48616629731541,"sku":"pre3-40scoop-orangecreamsicle","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Peach Rings","offer_id":47550648320213,"sku":"pre3-40scoop-peachrings","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0536\/1434\/6423\/files\/GPRE-Bombsicle-Mockup.png?v=1782227359","url":"https:\/\/www.htltsupps.com\/products\/pre-workout-3-0","provider":"HTLT Supplements","version":"1.0","type":"link"}